It is one of the 11 municipalities that make up the province of Mayabeque. Founded in 1827, it is located in the east of Mayabeque province. Its fundamental economic activity is the cultivation of sugar cane and the production of sugar, with the sugar company Héctor Molina Riaño known as the Colossus of the West.

The municipality limits to the North with the municipality of Madruga, to the South with the cove of the Broa, to the East with the municipality of New Peace and to the west with the municipality of Güines.

It has a total area of 241.4 km2, which represents 4% of the total area of the province.

Municipal head and main population settlements

The municipality San Nicolás counts on a municipal head (urban part) called San Nicholas of Bari that has 4 Popular Councils and 42 circumscriptions. The rise of the urbanization process is due to the creation of new communities and development zones. Since the foundation of the locality to this moment, the man has managed to change the environment in which he lives.

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It is the Central Trade Union that groups the Cuban workers.

It was created in 1939 after dissolving the CNOC and it was fundamental in the fight for the approval of the Constitution of 1940, the most advanced of its time in America.

Intervened in the 1940s by Cuban oligarchic governments became an instrument of submission of the working class to the capital, although the main leaders from the Communist Party continued to fight for workers' demands.

After the revolutionary triumph, on January 1, 1959, union unity was restored and the CTC joined the tasks of building the new society.

The structure of the CTC consists of: Congress, National Council, National Committee, National Secretariat, national unions, branches, provincial committees, union bureau at company level, and union section.

There are 18 national unions, which number approximately 2 998 634 affiliated workers.

The entry to the organization is voluntary and is made up of about 19 national unions. It is established in its Statutes that congresses are held every 5 years, where the Secretary General and the new representatives included in the National Council, the National Committee and the Secretariat are elected.

In each work center where more than 5 people work, there may be a trade union section. Several trade union sections make up a trade union bureau. 96% of Cuban workers belong to the CTC.

This organization is a very important force for the defense of the interests of the people and the Revolution. The Secretary General of the CTC is member of the maximum direction of the State and of the Communist Party.

The official newspaper of the organization is Trabajadores that is published weekly for the whole national territory. The union leaders receive training in the 14 provincial centers and the National School of Cadres Lázaro Peña.

Working women and retirees receive good care in trade unions and have laws in their favor that support their rights not to be discriminated against, to work and to receive a pension upon retirement.

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It is a revolutionary process that began to take shape since the end of the nineteenth century, when the frustrated attempt on the part of the mambises, against the Spanish regime, to achieve the Independence of Cuba, in which the Liberating Army had an important participation. This example of patriotism and courage was inherited by the young generation of the mid-twentieth century, led by Fidel Castro, who commanded the Rebel Army and guided a new strategy of struggle armed against the dictatorship of the moment and led to the Revolutionary triumph of 1959, after his moment,  the Cuban people's capacity for resistance, the intelligence and the ability of the revolutionary leadership, and the correctness of the struggle of this country for its independence have been present for more than 50 years,.

(Taken from Encyclopedia Cubana on the Net)

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It is the largest existing international organization. It is defined as a global government partnership that facilitates cooperation on issues such as international law, international peace and security, economic and social development, humanitarian affairs and human rights. It was founded on October 24, 1945, at the end of World War II, as part of the San Francisco Conference, as a substitute for the former League of Nations.

This organization is structured in various administrative bodies: General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, General Secretariat, Trusteeship Council and the International Court of Justice. The main public figure of the UN is the General Secretary, position exerted by the Portuguese socialist Politician António Guterres, who assumed the position on January 1 of 2017

It emerges as an intergovernmental organization that integrates the international community and serves as a tool for governments to address global issues and problems and to take action on almost all issues of concern to humanity. These issues are analyzed according to a series of purposes and principles established in chapter 1 of the "Charter of the United Nations", with the following objectives: 

  • Maintain peace and national security.
  • Enhance friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principles of equality of rights and self-determination of peoples.
  • Foster international cooperation to solve international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
  • Promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
  • To be a center of harmonization among nations to achieve common ends.

They are neither an entity above the states nor a government of governments. They do not have their own army and do not collect taxes. The Organization is subject to the political will of its members for the implementation of the decisions and depends on the contributions of its members for the execution of the activities.

They play a central role in several issues of general interest such as:Reduce international tensions.

  • Prevent conflicts.
  • End the hostilities that have already taken place.
  • Legislation on the environment, outer space and the seabed.
  • Eradicate diseases.
  • Increase food production.
  • Assisting and protecting refugees.
  • Fight against illiteracy.
  • React quickly in natural disaster situations.
  • Establish global norms in the field of human rights.
  • Protect and promote the rights of all people.

For this work and the achievements of the Organization and its specialized agencies, as well as various personages related to the UN, they were recognized with the Nobel Prize of Peace in 2001.

According to the Charter, the official languages of the United Nations are Chinese, Spanish, French, English and Russian. In addition, Arabic has been added as the official language of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Security Council.

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It is the world institution organized for peace and social development, responsible for the elaboration and supervision of the International Labor Standards. It is the only "tripartite" agency of the United Nations, as representatives of governments, employers and workers participate together in the development of their policies and programs as well as the promotion of decent work for all. This unique way of reaching agreements gives the OIT an advantage by incorporating "real-world" knowledge about employment and work.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, declarations began in Brussels and the founding of an international organization for workers. After the First World War, the foundations of what is now known as the International Labor Organization (ILO) are being laid.

The International Labor Organization was founded in 1919 by the society of nations and, at the time of its disappearance, it subsists as a permanent and specialized body of the United Nations.

In 1817 Robert Owen, Scottish industrialist imagines an international social legislation. 20 years later Jerónimo Adolfo Blanqui, French sociologist, observes that a social reform of the industry to be operative had to have worldwide reach. In 1847, Daniel Dgrand, French industrialist tried to have France legislate the International Association of Workers - led by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (1847) -, launched their celebrated manifesto "proletarians of all countries united ". In 1866 the congress of the International Association of Workers advocates international labor legislation.

In 1901 an international association for the legal protection of workers was founded in Brussels. In 1906 they adopted two international conventions. The war of 1914 to 1918, interrupted the activity of the association.

The 26th Session of the International Labor Conference, held in Philadelphia on May 10, 1944, adopted a declaration for the purposes and objectives of that international organization, which are none other than human well-being and social justice. The Philadelphia Declaration considers fundamentally that: 

  • Work is not a commodity
  • Freedom of expression and succession is essential for progress
  • Poverty everywhere is a danger to the prosperity of all.
  • The struggle must be pursued with unceasing energy within each nation and through an international effort.
  • Universal and permanent peace can only be concerned with social justice.
  • All human beings without distinction of race or sex have the right to pursue their material well-being and spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity of security and equality of opportunity.

It is the only obligation of it (ILO) to comment among all the nations of the world programs that allow:

a) achieving full employment and raise living standards.

b) employing workers in occupations in which they can contribute to the maximum to the common welfare.

c) granting as a means to achieve vocational training opportunities transfer of workers including labor migration and settlers.

 d) to adopt a minimum living wage for all those in employment and in need of such protection in respect of wages and earnings and hours and others.

e) to achieve effective recognition of the right of collective bargaining, the cooperation of employers and workers to improve the production and collaboration of workers.

(f) extend social security measures to ensure that those who need basic income and complete medical care are available.

g) to adequately protect the life and health of workers in all occupations.

h) to protect children and motherhood.

 i) to provide adequate food, shelter and means of recreation and culture;

j) guarantee equal educational and professional opportunities.

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It is a mass organization that develops policies and programs aimed at achieving the full exercise of the equality of women in all spheres and levels of society, among other aspects.

Among the objectives of this organization is to provide systematically its contribution to the training and well-being of the new generations.

Before the founding of the FMC, there were several organizations that grouped the women in favor of the Cuban revolutionary process as a Revolutionary Feminine Unit that brought together a large number of peasant women, the Agrarian Column, the Revolutionary Women's Brigades, the Humanist Women's Groups, the Brotherhood Mothers and others who merged into a new and unique women's organization: the Federation of Cuban Women.

Created in August 1960, the main objective was the incorporation of women into society and employment, as well as the ongoing social and economic change program in the country. Since its establishment, the Federation of Cuban Women has Vilma Espín Guillois as president, who was a member of the Council of State and headed the Commission for Attention to Women, Children and Youth of the National Assembly of People's Power, participating in the formulation of the laws that have to do with women, the discussion and elaboration of the Family Code, approved in 1975. On the death of Vilma Espín in 2007, the leadership of the organization fell to the general secretary of the organization Yolanda Ferrer and in 2012 Teresa Amarelle Boué was elected General Secretary.

It is structured territorially at national, provincial, municipal and base level. Its National Directorate is composed of a National Committee and a Secretariat, responsible for enforcing the agreements adopted at each Congress, the highest governing body held every five years. The National Committee brings together women representative of all social sectors and those who are in decision-making positions in key ministries, the Communist Party of Cuba, trade unions and other social organizations.

The President of the FMC is a member of the Council of State of the Republic of Cuba and heads the Commission of Attention to Women, Children and Youth of the National Assembly of People's Power.

Its coordination work can be seen in the programs implemented jointly with various ministries and government agencies, particularly the Women's Coordination Commissions, which aim to improve women's labor participation and avoid discrimination in recruitment.

The organization created the Women and Family Counseling Houses in which multidisciplinary teams are integrated by different specialists in Psychology, Psychiatry, Pedagogy and social workers with the objective of providing assistance to people who need to know how to lead a family life , thus assuming the family as the main social nucleus where different problems and conflicts related to alcoholism, intra family violence, divorces, among others, affect the behaviors of those who are mainly children and the elderly.

Women's health is addressed with priority in Women's and Family Counseling Houses working on women's awareness, for example, by showing them the importance of cytology testing to prevent uterine cancer, breast self-examination and The measures to protect against the infection of sexually transmitted diseases, taking into account that medical services in Cuba are free. This is an important work in the work of this organization in order to meet the requirements of Cuban women in the current times.

Main actions

To organize and group women around the stated objectives, to study and promote legislation on women and family.  To promote women's rights and ways to sue them. Women and Family Counseling Houses, municipal entity of the FMC that provides advice and information through professionals and affiliates to the organization.

To coordinate with ministries and other agencies, of specific programs for women (education, health, training, etc.). To coordinate actions with non-governmental, national and foreign organizations working with women. To research on the main problems facing women, their interests and opinions. The pubglishing of the Magazine Mujeres, aimed at promoting a non-sexist image of women. Center for Information and Documentation on Women.

Requirements for Incorporation

To join the Federation, as it is commonly known, the only requirements are the voluntary nature of women and be 14 years old. Almost four million affiliates already have this organization. It was founded on the basis of the union of all existing Cuban women's revolutionary organizations.

Actions of women's benefits

In these institutions created by the FMC, there are taught training, computer, hairdressing, cutting and sewing and makeup courses, among others, giving non-professional women and housewives the opportunity to join the social life.

The Program Educate your child is another of the actions of social benefit to which the mass organization directs its attention. It is aimed specifically at the attention given by federates to children who from the age of 2 and up to 5 do not attend the institutions that have the education sector to prepare children for school life for various reasons , mainly because mothers do not work and care for their children.

In this sense, the organization has social workers and social workers who engage in the participation of mothers and the family in different instructive-recreational activities that prepare infants and the family nucleus for a full incorporation into school life.

Present

According to the Report to Plenary of the National Committee of the FMC, on July 24, 2010, the organization groups more than four million Cubans and is structured in 13,539 blocks and 79,828 delegations throughout the Island.

Women in Cuba also make up more than 46 percent of those employed in the civilian state sector; Exceed 65 percent of professionals and technicians, and are 39 percent of the leaders.

After the last elections of the Popular Power, they were almost 40 percent of the delegates, 29.5 percent of the presidents of municipal assemblies. According to June 2010 data from the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Cuba ranked fourth in the world by the number of women in its Parliament (43.2 percent), above countries with such fame as Norway or Finland.

Among its most important tasks, it coordinates the work of 81 thousand 260 voluntary social workers and 78 thousand 624 health brigadistas who support in the neighborhoods the massive campaigns of vaccination and the prevention against dengue, AH1-N1 Influenza or HIV / AIDS. It also governs the work of the Women and Family Counseling Houses, a space that addresses the problems in the family, including early motherhood, alcoholism or violence. There are 175 of these agencies throughout the country, with 8,448 volunteer collaborators who also share space with the jurists, as a multidisciplinary advisory group, in the newly created Family Courts.

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