Internationals

The Group of Seven (or G7 or G-7) is called an informal group of countries in the world whose political, economic and military weight is still relevant globally. It consists of Germany, Canada, the United States, France, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom. In addition, the European Union has political representation.

The G-7 countries account for over 64% of global wealth ($ 263 billion).

In this sense, the G7 can be defined as "an alliance formed by a select group of States, with a similar structural positioning -result of the coincidence in their national capacities-, without ideological barriers, with a willingness to coordinate their policies towards attainment Of common goals and the will to establish some technical means of cooperation. "

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Association formed during the last military government of the Republic of Argentina with the purpose of recovering alive the disappeared detainees, initially, and later to establish who were responsible for the crimes and to promote their prosecution. The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo are currently divided into two groups, the majority group, called "Mothers of Plaza de Mayo" (presided over by Hebe de Bonafini), and the "Mothers of Plaza de Mayo Founder Line" (chaired by Marta Ocampo Of Vásquez).

The mothers were recognized during the 1978 World Cup in Argentina, when international journalists began to interview them and made their movement known.

In an interview with Hebe de Bonafini, it was known that between 1978 and 1979 the mothers began to go abroad to make known the drama of the disappeared and to request that the Argentine military dictatorship should be isolated, first to Europe and then to the United States. They were fortunate to be listened to and invited.

Amnesty International sponsored a trip in 1979 that covered nine countries to expose before rulers of Europe and the United States the real situation in the Republic of Argentina.

In 1980 the idea began to emerge among the mothers that even if the disappeared were dead, they will continue to seek enlightenment as if they were still alive, because the crime is constant until the body appears, a concept that would later change into the idea that the victims who are not, are not only those who were eliminated by the dictatorship, but they represent all those who fought against the power.

The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo combine in their ideals the struggle for human rights, respect and appreciation of the ideals for which their children fought. The thought of the Mothers is expressed in several slogans that define the dictatorship and the possibility of a subsequent struggle, as well as the sense of memory: "The only struggle that is lost is that which is abandoned" and "Not a step Behind "are some of the famous slogans of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo.

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The history of the World Youth Festivals Students is linked to the World Federation of Democratic Youths created in 1945, whose first event was held in Prague, the capital of then Czechoslovakia in July 1947.

This was how the movement of the youth festivals was born, dates that were celebrated with intervals of two to five years until arriving at the appointment made in Berlin, German Democratic Republic in 1973.

At the IX Assembly of the World Federation of Democratic Youth held in Varna, Bulgaria, in November 1974, they proposed to hold the next youth event in Havana, Cuba in the summer of 1978.

In this opportunity, it was taken into account that the realization of the Festival in socialist Cuba contributed to the development of anti-imperialist solidarity, peace, national independence, democracy and social progress. Being the first time the Festival stopped being held in Europe to do it in a country of Latin America.

During the first meeting of the International Preparatory Committee (CIP) of the XI Festival held in February 1975 in the German Democratic Republic, it was unanimously agreed to grant the Republic of Cuba the seat of the great youth event.

For the Cuban youth, this decision constituted a high honor that also contained a commitment and a great responsibility with the progressive and democratic youth movement of the world.

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Cuban organization responsible for organizing Cuban children, adolescents and young people who do not exceed 35 years of age, to carry out various political, ideological and cultural activities, and to organize the Youth Seminars of Marti’s Studies. Created in 1989 by the Young Communists League, the MJM promotes among the new generations the study, research, and dissemination of the life and work of the National Hero of Cuba José Martí.

Its main objective is that in which Martí asks María Mantilla in a letter dated February 19, 1895: "Do something good every day in my name" (José Martí, Epistolario t.5, p.66), which must be accepted by all its members as it will be the basis of permanent self-improvement and practical confirmation of the utility of virtue.

The PATRIA award is the highest distinction given to the most outstanding members in the promotion of the cultural, ethical, revolutionary and patriotic values of the Cuban nation.

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It was founded on January 5, 1728 by the Dominican friars belonging to the Order of Preachers and is the oldest university in Cuba. It is also one of the first in America. It is attached to the Ministry of Higher Education (MES). It was declared a National Monument by Resolution 03 on October 10, 1978.

On January 5, 1728, the first university of Cuba, the "Royal and Pontifical University of San Geronimo de La Habana", was born in the Convent of San Juan de Letrán. At the opening ceremony, Fray Tomás Linares del Castillo was appointed as the First rector, who from that moment would govern the first faculties: Art and Philosophy, Theology, Canons, Laws and Medicine.

On January 2, 1733, the first statutes of the University were presented; However, it was not until August 1735 that they came into force. In them it was established that the government of the University should be constituted by a Rector, a Vice-rector, four conciliarios, a Master of Ceremonies and a Secretary. Each year the Cloister Mayor would hold the elections for these positions. In this first stage was highlighted an important professor: Tomás Romay, author of transcendental investigations in the field of medicine and biology.

After a process of reforms, the University of San Gerónimo de la Habana became a lay institution, and in 1850 changed the name to "Real and Literary University of Havana." In this second stage the scientific development in the University was deepened. With this objective it was founded the Museum of Natural History and the National Botanical Garden happened to be governed by the institution. By that time the teaching had the faculties of Jurisprudence, Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy.

Figures such as Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Antonio Bachiller and Morales, Felipe Poey, Francisco de Arango and Parreño, passed through their classrooms in these initial stages. They contributed to forge an indigenous national thought that became revolutionary commitment for the new generations. A transcendental fact was the murder of eight medical students in 1871, accused with false evidence and testimony. College students now pay homage to those martyrs. In this period occurred other core facts of the university history as the graduation of the first woman, Mercedes Riba, on September 23, 1885.

Under the ideas of the Varona plan, in this period the most modern teaching ideas of the time are taken to the university. However, the structural conditions of the San Juan de Letrán building were not the best: it became uncomfortable and inadequate.

On May 1, 1902 began the transfer of the University to the Hill of Aróstegui, also known as the "Loma de la Pirotecnia", and located in the Vedado. At this time also an important stage of its history began; Events such as the founding of the University Student Federation, the pronouncement of the speeches of José Antonio Echeverría, the descent by its broad and wide staircase of the centenary generation in its historic March of the torches and the courage shown by its students are some of the events that may be mentioned.

In January 1928, Havana hosted the 6th Pan American Conference, which was attended by presidents and representatives of countries of the American continent, including US President Calvin Coolidge. For this reason, President Gerardo Machado inaugurated several works including the steps of the University of Havana, which was pending execution since the general reconstruction of the premises.

Starting at the esplanade that is in front of the rectory building, the staircase ends in San Lazaro Street, to preside it was placed a sculpture that became an emblem of the institution. The Alma Mater was made in 1919 by Czechoslovakian artist Mario Karbel, who was inspired by two Cubans: Felicia Villalón, a 16-year-old girl (for the head, face and neck), and a mestizo habanera of a mature and solid constitution (For the rest of the body).

On October 6, 1933, the Government of the Hundred Days, presided over by the university professor Ramón Grau San Martín granted to the campus the autonomy university, fulfilling one of the demands of the students from the time of the university reform that initiated in 1923, Julio Antonio Mella.

After the revolutionary triumph of 1959, the doors of the University of Havana were reopened, which were closed for 3 years. From that moment it is given access to the entire people and with the University Reform of 1962 it is purified the student body and the cloister follower of the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. It also puts science at the heart of university education. The new university is from that moment protagonist and important arm of the Revolution to create a new Cuba.

Thanks to the Alma Mater habanera, the Jose Antonio Echeverría Higher Polytechnic Institute, the Medical Sciences, the Pedagogical Superior, the Agricultural Sciences and the agricultural sciences of Pinar del Río and Matanzas were born as well as more than 50 doctoral programs and another generation of university students who have given it a place in history.

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Bathed by the Caribbean Sea, it is the most important mountainous massif of the Cuban archipelago, erected as a strong bastion and guardian of the south east coast.

On December 2, 1956, the Sierra Maestra panorama changed with the landing of the Granma yachtsmen and the establishment of the First Eastern Front José Martí by the Rebel Army commanded by Fidel Castro.

From then on, the steep mountains and lush vegetation served to protect the rebel forces able to develop in that topography, maneuvers and movements for which the army of tyranny was not prepared. Important actions were won in the Sierra Maestra becoming theater of military operations, among them: the first, the combat of La Plata amd the one that marked the maturity of the troops, the combat of the Uvero.

Others, decisive because of their size as the Battle of Jigüe and the Battle of Guisa determining the successful aspiration of the Rebel Army, to surrender to the soldiery located in eastern Cuba, specifically in Santiago de Cuba, capital of this area of the country.

It was not until the Triumph of the Revolution, on January 1, 1959, that health, education, culture and sport dominated the Sierra Maestra, and they definitively changed desolation for justice. At the same time, the laws that protect the flora and fauna of the region came at the same time, making sustainable exploitation of the natural resources of an ecosystem that is now National Park.