It is the world institution organized for peace and social development, responsible for the elaboration and supervision of the International Labor Standards. It is the only "tripartite" agency of the United Nations, as representatives of governments, employers and workers participate together in the development of their policies and programs as well as the promotion of decent work for all. This unique way of reaching agreements gives the OIT an advantage by incorporating "real-world" knowledge about employment and work.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, declarations began in Brussels and the founding of an international organization for workers. After the First World War, the foundations of what is now known as the International Labor Organization (ILO) are being laid.
The International Labor Organization was founded in 1919 by the society of nations and, at the time of its disappearance, it subsists as a permanent and specialized body of the United Nations.
In 1817 Robert Owen, Scottish industrialist imagines an international social legislation. 20 years later Jerónimo Adolfo Blanqui, French sociologist, observes that a social reform of the industry to be operative had to have worldwide reach. In 1847, Daniel Dgrand, French industrialist tried to have France legislate the International Association of Workers - led by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (1847) -, launched their celebrated manifesto "proletarians of all countries united ". In 1866 the congress of the International Association of Workers advocates international labor legislation.
In 1901 an international association for the legal protection of workers was founded in Brussels. In 1906 they adopted two international conventions. The war of 1914 to 1918, interrupted the activity of the association.
The 26th Session of the International Labor Conference, held in Philadelphia on May 10, 1944, adopted a declaration for the purposes and objectives of that international organization, which are none other than human well-being and social justice. The Philadelphia Declaration considers fundamentally that:
- Work is not a commodity
- Freedom of expression and succession is essential for progress
- Poverty everywhere is a danger to the prosperity of all.
- The struggle must be pursued with unceasing energy within each nation and through an international effort.
- Universal and permanent peace can only be concerned with social justice.
- All human beings without distinction of race or sex have the right to pursue their material well-being and spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity of security and equality of opportunity.
It is the only obligation of it (ILO) to comment among all the nations of the world programs that allow:
a) achieving full employment and raise living standards.
b) employing workers in occupations in which they can contribute to the maximum to the common welfare.
c) granting as a means to achieve vocational training opportunities transfer of workers including labor migration and settlers.
d) to adopt a minimum living wage for all those in employment and in need of such protection in respect of wages and earnings and hours and others.
e) to achieve effective recognition of the right of collective bargaining, the cooperation of employers and workers to improve the production and collaboration of workers.
(f) extend social security measures to ensure that those who need basic income and complete medical care are available.
g) to adequately protect the life and health of workers in all occupations.
h) to protect children and motherhood.
i) to provide adequate food, shelter and means of recreation and culture;
j) guarantee equal educational and professional opportunities.
Compartir / Share
