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It is the largest and most important political party in Venezuela. It was created after the fusion of several allied organizations or followers of the ideology of the Bolivarian leader Hugo Chávez Frías, who led the revolutionary project in that country.

It has consolidated as the main political force during the legislative elections of September 2009. After this victory it was prepared for the presidential elections of 2012, in which electoral event returned to gain its candidate, the then president of Venezuela and undisputed leader Hugo Chávez.

In March of 2013, Chavez died victim of a cancer, reason why the PSUV was forced to present again a candidate to the elections of April of that year, in which it was victorious by means of the election of the socialist Nicolás Maduro like new President of the nation.

Following the death of its founding leader, Hugo Chavez, the organization's leadership relied on its two most important figures at the time, the current Venezuelan president and Chavez's successor, Nicolás Maduro, and the president of the Venezuelan National Assembly, Diosdado Cabello. In the third Congress of the PSUV, celebrated at the end of July of 2014, Nicolás Maduro, was designated as president of the party.

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He was born in Sabaneta, July 28, 1954 and died in Caracas, March 5, 2013. Military and Venezuelan politician, he was the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela from 1999 until his death. His profound ideas and socialist thoughts and integrationist character inherited from the thought of Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Miranda made him the undisputed leader of the Bolivarian Revolution.

A widespread popular sentiment in favor of substantive changes in the conduct of state affairs became evident on December 6, 1998, when 56.24% of voters elected Chavez as Constitutional President of the then Republic of Venezuela. This fact was considered by respected analysts as one of the most significant achievements in the contemporary political history of Venezuela. With the elections of July 30, 2000, Chávez Frías crystallized the constituent political project and was re-legitimized as President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with 59.5% of the votes.

In the presidential elections of December 3, 2006 he was re-elected president with a wide advantage, obtaining more than seven million votes (62.84%) compared to the 36.90% achieved by opposition candidate Manuel Rosales who recognized the result that same night. In October 2012, Chávez again won his country's presidential election, this time defeating Henrique Capriles, governor of the state of Miranda and candidate of the opposition coalition with 55% of the votes.

Hugo Chávez died on March 5, 2013 at the Military Hospital of Venezuela due to cancer that had been affecting him since 2011. His death was received by the people with great commotion, while the government and his relatives received messages of condolence from all parts of the world.

The links between Chavez and Cuba began even before Chavez was elected president. Chávez's first visit to Cuba came in December 1994, when Lieutenant Colonel Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, in a gesture of courage, accepted the invitation of the Havana City’s Historian, Eusebio Leal Spengler and to Havana he came full of dreams and convictions and, above all, with the eagerness to begin to build what became an indestructible friendship.

When putting his feet on the slab at José Martí International Airport, he said:

"I do not deserve this honor, I aspire to deserve it someday in the months and years to come."

During his presidential term, between 1999 and 2013, the year of his death, the relations between Venezuela and Cuba were a priority for the Chávez government, which were strengthened through the signing of several agreements that helped to establish a bilateral bridge between the two nations.

Promoter of Latin American integration

Chavez promoted Latin American integration more than any other Venezuelan president in recent years, surpassing the projects of other pro-Latin American leaders. Policies such as the sale of oil under preferential payment conditions through integration mechanisms such as Petrocaribe, the promotion of cooperation programs in poor nations such as Haiti and the promotion of integration spaces such as CELAC or UNASUR, have been valued to consider him as one of the political leaders of Latin America.

Together with former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil and Nestor Kirchner of Argentina, Chávez promoted the defeat of the Free Trade Area for the Americas (ALCA) during the Summit of the Americas held in November 2005 in Mar del Plata, as well as to establish the UNASUR as the consummation of the dream of Bolívar, Sucre and San Martín to see South America united, supported by the leftist governments of Rafael Correa, Evo Morales, Cristina Fernández and José Mujica.

In April 2011 Chavez and Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos serve as mediators to the return of former Honduran President Manuel Zelaya, deposed by a military coup in June 2009.

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It is a nation located on the north coast of the South American region, sharing borders to the west and southwest with Colombia, to the southeast with Brazil and to the east with Guyana, it besides has maritime borders with the islands of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba (dependents of Holland ) on the facade of the Caribbean Sea and on the Atlantic with Trinidad and Tobago. In addition there are under its dependence many islands scattered in the Caribbean Sea, being the greatest the Island of Margarita; Well away from the mainland is the Island of Birds, of great strategic importance as it increases the continental shelf of the country.

During the pre-Columbian era, its territory was home to important tribal groups of Amerindians such as the Caribs, Venezuelan aborigines occupied the mountainous region, the plains and Guayana. After being sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1498, a process of colonization began shortly afterwards and then a process of cultural mestizaje.

Venezuela was the first country in Latin America to proclaim its independence from the Spanish Crown, a process that was consolidated with the Battle of Carabobo. After a long chapter of civil conflicts, the Republic found its way towards the modernization of the hand of notoriously authoritarian governments.

In the middle of the 20th century, the struggle for a democratic system began, which was consolidated after the overthrow of General Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958. Due to the oil boom, Venezuela experienced a period of high economic growth, which was interrupted by the energy crisis of the 1980s, provoking a period of political and social instability alternated with financial ups and downs until in 1999, when a former member of the Armed Forces of that country, named Hugo Chavez, reached the presidency by initiating a process of socio-political changes and reforms and economic policies whose main examples are the Constituent Assembly of 1999 and the transition to the so-called "Socialism of the 21st Century" started in 2005, in what many recognize as the Bolivarian Revolution.

Venezuela is a tropical country, which has common geographical features with other nations of the American continent, as well as Africa, Asia and Oceania, which are located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, both in the Northern Hemisphere and in the South. Its location favors that the continental and insular territory present varied tropical climates, with great natural potential of renewable solar energy, expressed in an exuberant and varied vegetation in hot and humid environments. It presents a great physiographic diversity, originated by the occurrence of 27 climatic zones, 12 types of natural vegetation, 23 types of relief and 38 large geological units, with a soil cover that has a wide variety of characteristics and qualities.

With a height of 979 m above sea level, the falls Angel Falls are the highest waterfall in the world and one of the most recognized and revered symbols of Venezuela.

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Located in the westernmost part of the country, it did not have the initial attention that other Cuban villages received, first as an itinerant settlement that had its first capital in Guane, until finally the village took root in the vicinity of the river Guamá and after to transit by the instance of Village, on September 10th, the long title of province arrived. It is one of the fifteen provinces that Cuba has.

The province is located in the westernmost part of Cuba. The main geographical area is the Cordillera de Guaniguanico, the province has 11% of the country's river basins, and it has an average temperature of 25.3’ C and red and sandy soils.

Main rivers

The main ones are the Cuyaguateje River, Hondo River and San Diego River.

Higher lift

The highest elevation in the region is the Pan de Guajaibón with 692 meters of height above the level of the sea.

Administrative-political division

On November 7, 1976, a new political administrative division was approved in the Republic of Cuba, being made up of 14 provinces and 169 municipalities.

The Artemisa, Guanajay and Mariel municipalities that belonged to the Pinar del Río province, became part of the former province of Havana in 1968 (8 years before the political-administrative division of 1976).

In August 2010, the National Assembly of People's Power approved modifications to the structure of territorial organization in Cuba. As of January 2011, Pinar del Río province lost its three most eastern municipalities (Bahía Honda, Candelaria and San Cristóbal) and was left with 11 municipalities.

Its population was reduced to about 592 945 inhabitants and its current extension is 8 884.51 km. The municipalities of Pinar del Río as of January 1, 2011 are:

Sandino
Mantua
Guane
Minas de Matahambre
San Juan and Martinez
San Luis
Pinar del Rio
Consolacion del Sur
Viñales
Los Palacios
La Palma

The new division reduced the average distance between the municipalities to 46.3 kilometers, previously 56 kilometers.

In addition Pinar del Río continues to be rich in natural resources and good agricultural capacity to produce food and exportable items such as tobacco.

It maintains its important mineral resources linked to the existence of potential for forestry, tourism and energy development.

It achieves greater centrality and linkage of its provincial capital with the rest of the territory and a quantity of population and municipalities with dimensions that would allow a better attention to them.

From the regional point of view, a better balance is achieved in terms of the territorial extent and number of inhabitants of the westernmost region of the country.

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It is the second most populated province of Cuba, preceded by the capital: Havana. The territory that occupies at the moment comprised of the old province of Oriente, until in 1976 after proclaiming the new political-administrative division it was constituted as a province.

Its head municipality is one of the seven towns village founded by Diego Velázquez in the first moments of the conquest and colonization of the Island of Cuba by Spain. From 1515 it became capital until the middle of the sixteenth century, when it was displaced by the former Village of San Cristóbal de La Habana. Its urban historic center was declared a National Monument on October 10, 1978.

The province, including the cays, has a land area of 6,170 km², making it one of the four smallest in the country, along with Havana and Cienfuegos. It is located in the eastern end of Cuba; It limits to the north with the provinces of Granma and Holguin, to the south with the Caribbean Sea, to the east with the province of Guantánamo and to the west with Granma. Because of its political-economic importance, it is considered the second most important province in the country.

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Formerly named City of Havana, it is the present capital city of the Republic of Cuba and at the same time one of the fifteen Cuban provinces. Havana is the most crowed city in Cuba and the entire Caribbean island, with a population of more than two million people. The territory of the capital occupies the sixteenth place in extension between the provinces, with 726,75 square kilometers, representing 0.7 percent of the total surface of the country.

Founded in the spring of 1514, further south, under the name San Cristóbal de La Habana, Havana is the main center of political, economic and socio-cultural life of the nation being the headquarters of the government offices and the Cuban Communist Party , As well as the main cultural and scientific institutions of the country.

In 1982, its Historic Center was declared Patrimony of the Humanity by the UNESCO.

According to a law passed in August 2010 by the National Assembly of Cuba, that province retakes the name of Havana, officially eliminating the name of "City", unnecessary after the disappearance of the homonymous province, approved by that same law . The city is divided administratively into 15 municipalities.

The tradition recognizes November 16th, 1519 as the date of foundation, when the Spanish conqueror Diego Velázquez - in name of the kings of Spain - established its third and definitive settlement, the present one.

Raised from an original population nucleus, Havana is the fusion of dissimilar localities. According to data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics (ONE), the province has 49 neighborhoods, 329 distributions and 36 population settlements, for a total of 414 space units or officially recognized localities.

Havana was elected on December 7, 2014 in Dubai, under the initiative New7WondersCities, as one of the seven wonder cities in the world to represent the global diversity of urban society.

The area of the former province of Ciudad de La Habana is located in the western part of the Republic of Cuba between latitudes 2 ° 58 ', 23 ° 10' North latitude and 82 ° 30 ', 82 ° 06' West longitude. It was the smallest of the provinces of Cuba although it constituted the most populated besides possessing the highest indexes of the whole country of density per square kilometer. It is connected to the north with the Strait of Florida, to the east and part of the south with the province of Artemisa and to the southwest and west with the province of Mayabeque.

Located in the area of the Havana-Matanzas Plain, its entire coastline is on the coast, where the bay of Havana is located; to the east are its beaches. Its hydrography is represented by the rivers Almendares, Martín Pérez, Quibú, among others and the reservoirs Bacuranao and Embalse Army Rebelde. Non-urbanized soils are predominant and they are reddish brown fersialitic and red ferralitic, in some coastal sectors there are manifestations of naked carso.

In the same historical area of the city, within the territories of the municipalities of Centro Habana, Habana Vieja, Regla, Guanabacoa and Habana del Este, lies Havana Bay, one of the most important ports of the Caribbean area, former center of organization of the goods that were sent to colonial Spain from the Caribbean colonies. Along its northern coast are located beaches of great beauty, standing out the Playas del Este located in the localities Guanabo, Bacuranao and Santa Maria del Mar in the municipality of Havana. In the south it has some limestone elevations in zones like Guanabacoa, San Miguel del Padrón, Arroyo Naranjo and Boyeros.

The City of Havana meets the definition of megapolis, according to data from the 2002 Census, the province had 2 201 610 people and in 2008 estimates, approximately 2 148 132 million, which is more than 20% of the population of the Republic which equates to a population density of 2 963.8 inhabitants per square kilometer. Currently two municipalities are considered super-populated in terms of absolute population, such as Diez de Octubre and Arroyo Naranjo, so the southern part of the city is home to the largest population. While the coastal municipality of Centro Habana encompasses the highest population density per square kilometer, according to data from the government of that municipality, there are 65 565.2 people per square kilometer, reason why in only 3.42 square kilometers live more than 160 Thousand inhabitants. In addition to these somewhat chilling data, the province has a floating population of over half a million people who, for different reasons, visit or live in it temporarily, which complicates the metropolitan demographic spectrum.

The autochthonous population is higher than the immigrant, more than 2/3: 1 501 368 people, for 68.45%, although residents from other places constitute an important figure: 702 242 inhabitants, for a 31.55 %. Of these, 47.43% come from the eastern region, 25.99 from the central and 25.78% from the western provinces.

Havana is the largest city in the Cuban context and in the Caribbean island area. As its metropolitan environment exceeds two million people and although it does not reach the level of "megacities" such as New York, Tokyo or Mexico City, which exceed ten million and some to twenty, in the Antilles there is no city higher populated than it and also because its dimensions: this capital city with its metropolitan environment although it is only the fourth part of the Isla de la Juventud, is superior in extension to the islands of Lesser Antilles than are constituent nations, with the exception of Trinidad and Tobago, Guadeloupe and Martinique, and even tiny states of the old continent are smaller than this city: Andorra, Luxembourg, San Marino, Vatican and Monaco. Havana is a big city.

Political-administrative organization

The Law 1304 of July 3, 1976, approved by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Cuba, abolished the political-administrative division that existed, 6 provinces, 68 regions and 407 municipalities and sectional, and established a new one with 14 provinces and 169 municipalities. Havana was recognized then as one of the fourteen provinces of the country.

When we approach the theme of the capital, then we cannot homologate the province of Havana with the capital of the nation, which is Havana. Certainly this city is called the same as the province that is neighboring: Havana.

The present capital city - whose genesis is in the town of San Cristobal de La Habana, settled for the third and final occasion near the Bay of Havana, and that in its uncontrolled growth towards the west, south and east, other settlements were annexed between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, constitutes a large metropolitan urban nucleus. Some of the territories that integrate it had reached titles of city or town: Marianao, Guanabacoa, Regla. Others were typified as villages, villages or hamlets, remaining united to the city by means of new localities called neighborhoods, distributions or communities.

The Province of Havana is currently constituted by 15 municipalities:

Havana Vieja

Centro Habana

Plaza de la Revolución

Playa

Marianao

10 de Octubre

Cerro

Regla

San Miguel

Cotorro

Arroyo Naranjo

Guanabacoa

Boyeros

Habana del Este

La Lisa

They are interconnected by bus, as well as taxis, trains, etc. Each municipality has peculiarities for example: in Plaza this is the seat of government and fundamental ministries, besides being the financial district of the city, Playa is the embassy area.

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It is the name of one of the two new provinces (Artemisa and Mayabeque) approved by the National Assembly of Cuba in August of 2010 and whose operation took on January 1, 2011.

It is made up of eight municipalities of the Province of Havana and three former municipalities of the province of Pinar del Río.

The new province of Artemisa becomes the thirteenth in the country by its extension (it surpasses only Mayabeque and Havana) and the eleven by its population (surpasses Cienfuegos, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Ávila and Mayabeque), as well as the province with greater population density excepting to Havana and Santiago de Cuba provinces.

It is bordered to the west by Pinar del Río, to the north by the Strait of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, to the south by the Gulf of Batabanó and to the east by the province of Havana and Mayabeque Province.

It has a population of 502 392 inhabitants and has a surface of 4 thousand 004,27 km2. Artemisa has an agricultural area of 272 849 hectares, 68.1% of the territory, which allows it to produce food to meet its demand and support the capital. In addition, it has a site of perspective of high industrial port development such as Mariel.

Longest river:

Los Colorados (Hondo de San Cristóbal) 113,2 km. Long 604 km2 of area 6 tributaries Vertiente Sur. It runs from North to-South direction beginning in Sierra del Rosario, Cordillera de Guaniguanico, at 22 ° 34 'north latitude and 83 ° 53' west longitude, at 340 meters altitude, to the Gulf of Batabanó. Run:.

Highest elevation: Pan de Guajaibón, with 692 meters of height.

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It is the second most populous city in Russia, with 5,026,000 inhabitants and a metropolitan area of 5.85 million. It is located in the Region of Leningrad, name that shared with the city during the Soviet time (1924-1991). The other names of the city were Petrograd and Leningrad, after the death of Lenin, January 24, 1924 until September 6, 1991.

It was founded by Zar Peter the Great on May 27, 1703 with the intention of turning it into Russia's window into the Western world. From then on it became capital of the Russian Empire for more than two hundred years.

When the Russian Revolution broke out, the city was the center of the rebellion. In March 1918 the capital was transferred to Moscow. In January 1924, after the Bolshevik victory, the creation of the Soviet Union (1922) and the death of Lenin (1924), St. Petersburg changed its name to Leningrad in his honor.

During World War II, the 29-month site of Leningrad took place, in which the Germans constantly bombed the city and blocked it so that it could not be supplied. After the defeat of Germany in 1945, the city was named Heroic City by the Soviet authorities. When the USSR disappears the city was renamed St. Petersburg and became an important economic and political center of present-day Russia.

St. Petersburg is now the second largest city in the Russian Federation and one of the largest in Europe. The center of the city and other monuments of its surroundings have been considered a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1990.3 St. Petersburg is also the seat of the Constitutional Court of Russia.

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Created on May 17, 1961, within the framework of its First Congress, under the protection of revolutionary laws and in its General Regulation it is defined that by will and decision of the Cuban peasantry, it is the mass organization of cooperatives, peasants and their family members.

The economic and social interests correspond to the harmonious development of the construction of Socialism; its projections are oriented toward the fulfillment of the agrarian policy of the Revolution.